Philosophy of Logic
Kourosh Arish
Abstract
The explanation of the meaning of logical connectives in this paper is under epistemological and semantic topics and has a philosophical-logical approach. Also, the field of philosophy of language and the relationship between grammar and logic is one of the other areas that have been addressed. After ...
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The explanation of the meaning of logical connectives in this paper is under epistemological and semantic topics and has a philosophical-logical approach. Also, the field of philosophy of language and the relationship between grammar and logic is one of the other areas that have been addressed. After establishing of classical logic, new logical systems appeared in the field with the aim of generalizing or modifying classical logic. The invalidity of some theorems of classical logic in these new reformed systems, which were called non-classical logic, created serious challenges and questions about the nature of logic. Quine is among those who, by proposing the theory of meaning-variance thesis, took a completely different position towards deviant logics. He judged between logics from an epistemological point of view and relying on natural language. His thesis was quite clear. "A change in logic is a change in the subject and actually a change in the meaning of logical connectives". Quine's thesis is generally accepted, but it also has critics. In the next step, the criticisms against Quine are described and evaluated. Meanwhile, the focus is on Putnam's criticism and his interpretation of the meaning of logical connectives. Also, Morten's criticisms from the perspective of the philosophy of language to Quine's thesis of meaning-variance have been described and evaluated. At the end, it is concluded that changing different logics does not always mean changing the subject and accepting the change of subject can not necessarily change the meaning of logical connectives.
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Hodjati; Salman Panahi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 43-64
Abstract
Realism is an intuitive idea which most people accept explicitly or implicitly. It is hard to find someone who does not accept mind-independent things or the relation between truth and states of affairs; however, how the connection between language and reality can be stated is a controversial issue, ...
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Realism is an intuitive idea which most people accept explicitly or implicitly. It is hard to find someone who does not accept mind-independent things or the relation between truth and states of affairs; however, how the connection between language and reality can be stated is a controversial issue, at least among philosophers. Based on the most popular theories about the problem, there is a direct correspondence between lingual elements and external world. At first glance, it seems acceptable, like many other intuitive ideas, but further examination reveals some dissatisfactions. Hilary Putnam, well known American contemporary philosopher, has criticized such a point of view (‘Metaphysical Realism’ as he has called), partly using model theoretic based arguments. Model theory is a branch of mathematical sciences which studies the connection between a language and its interpretations. This paper attempts, less technical and more intuitive, to examine Putnam's Permutation argument in which he uses model theoretic concepts and theorems to show that Metaphysical Realist is not able to fix reference of the elements of language via fixing truth value of the whole sentence in which those elements appear.
