نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فلسفه (گرایش منطق)، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد فلسفه (گرایش منطق)، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار فلسفه (گرایش منطق)، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

متن‌گرایی، رقیب اصلی حداقل‌گرایی است. نزاع میان این دو رویکرد سمانتیکی، ریشه در نزاع قدیمی تعیین مرز میان سمانتیک و پراگماتیک دارد. متن‌گرایان مدعی‌اند که جملات زبان‌ طبیعی، قبل از غنی‌سازی پراگماتیکی، قابل ‌ارزش‌دهی نیستند. در مقابل، از نظر حداقل‌گرایان، محتوای سمانتیکی حداقلی وجود دارد که معنای قابل ارزش‌دهی جمله را به‌دست می‌دهد که متن اظهار، اثر محدودی روی آن دارد. این تقابل ناشی از شیوه و اندازه‌ای است که متن بر محتوای سمانتیکی تأثیر می‌گذارد. در این مقاله، پس از معرفی این دو رویکرد، استدلال‌های اصلی متن‌گرایان علیه حداقل‌گرایان را مطرح می‌کنیم. سپس نشان می‌دهیم که سمانتیک‌های حداقل‌گرایانه از قبیل سمانتیک اشاره‌‌ای کاپلان، با تفسیر عینی از متن نمی‌تواند مدل مناسبی حتی برای جملات حاوی ارجاع اول‌شخص ارائه کنند و برپایه‌ی تفسیری ذهنی از متن، تمایز نمایه‌ای از غیرنمایه‌ای واضح نیست و سایر عبارت‌های زبان نسبت به متن‌ها، به معنای عام می‌توانند نمایه‌ای باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Contextualism vs Minimalism in Semantics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Ahmadi 1
  • Lotfollah Nabavi 2
  • Seyyed Mohammad Ali Hodjati 3

1 PhD Candidate, philosophical Logic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, philosophical Logic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, philosophical Logic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Contextualism is the main opponent of minimalism. The debate between these two semantical approaches, stem in an old fashion dispute to determine the border between semantics and pragmatics. Contextualists claim that the sentences in the natural language are not truth-evaluable before being enriched pragmatically. In contrast, in minimalists’ viewpoint, there is a minimal semantic content that provides the truth-evaluable meaning of sentences in a way that context of utterance has limited effects on it. This contrast is based on the way and extent to which context affects semantic content. In this paper, after introducing these two approaches, the main arguments of contextualists against minimalist are discussed, then we show that minimalistic semantics like Kaplan's LD with objective interpretation of context cannot present any proper model even for sentences containing first-person reference, and on the basis of a subjective interpretation of context, the indexical/non-indexical distinction is not clear and other expressions of natural languages can be indexical, in a broad sense.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contextualism
  • Minimalism
  • Semantics
  • Pragmatics
  • Context
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