Analytical Philosophy
Gholamreza Hosseinpour
Abstract
One of the important questions about definite descriptions is the difference between referential and attributive uses of these descriptions. Donnellan objects Russell and Strawson's theories of definite descriptions because they both fail to explain referential use, but nowhere do they give us a set ...
Read More
One of the important questions about definite descriptions is the difference between referential and attributive uses of these descriptions. Donnellan objects Russell and Strawson's theories of definite descriptions because they both fail to explain referential use, but nowhere do they give us a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for distinguishing any use. Kripke also believes that the difference between referential and attributive uses is in fact the difference between the speaker's reference and the semantic reference. The speaker's reference and the semantic reference coincide in attributive use, but in referential use, they may be different. According to the theory of speech acts, Kripke's account may not be quite correct, however, the difference between speaker's reference and semantic reference is similar to the difference between the speaker's meaning and the meaning of the sentence, although Kripke adopts a strange way of expressing it, because reference, contrary to meaning, is a speech act. But Searle's solution is based on his theory of indirect speech acts; That is, the speaker says something, he means what he says, but he also means something else. In Searle's account, the speaker's primary illocutionary act which is not literally expressed in his utterances, is done indirectly by performing his secondary illocutionary act which is expressed literally. According to Searle, all Donnellan's referential uses are mere uses where the speaker uses a definite description that expresses the secondary aspect under which the reference is made.
Analytical Philosophy
Morteza Mezginejad; Seyyed Mohammad Ali Hodjati
Volume 7, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 97-116
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is the Horwich arguments in "Meaning, use and truth ", which is published in the Mind journal (1995). In this article, he defends the idea of Wittgenstein, use theory, in contrast to the arguments raised against the approach. Horwich focus specifically on Kripke's criticism. ...
Read More
The main purpose of this article is the Horwich arguments in "Meaning, use and truth ", which is published in the Mind journal (1995). In this article, he defends the idea of Wittgenstein, use theory, in contrast to the arguments raised against the approach. Horwich focus specifically on Kripke's criticism. Kripke in his famous article "Wittgenstein on rules and private language: An elementary exposition " is trying to show that the application cannot provide the meaning. Horwich refuse Kripke argument. For this purpose, he offers both strong and weak interpretation of the premises of Kripke argument and then criticizes both. After review Horwich Criticisms on Kripke we evaluate his criticisms.
Hooman Mohammad Ghorbanian
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 105-123
Abstract
Semantic stipulations, i.e. the principles which are the main constructors of the meanings of words, have different forms for each category of words. Kripke`s theory is the most suitable model which identifies the appearance of the stipulations. In general, semantic stipulations are some usages of a ...
Read More
Semantic stipulations, i.e. the principles which are the main constructors of the meanings of words, have different forms for each category of words. Kripke`s theory is the most suitable model which identifies the appearance of the stipulations. In general, semantic stipulations are some usages of a word that has been accentuated. So, as long as the stipulations remains fixed, discoveries and inventions do not change the meaning of a word. Also, to justify the way which any meaning engender from semantic stipulations and how the meanings of the words in one sentence affect each other, radial model is very suitable one. Radial model, unlike those models which concentrate on the conceptual and obstruct definitions of words, shows a dynamic way of producing meanings.
