نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی گروه مطالعات میان فرهنگی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی

چکیده

ایده زبان ایدئال از مباحث مهم و محوری در فلسفه تحلیلی است. عمده فیلسوفان جریان نخست فلسفه تحلیلی که از فرگه آغاز و در راسل و ویتگنشتاین متقدم و پوزیتیویست‌های منطقی بسط یافت نه تنها از این ایده استقبال می‌کنند، بلکه تحقق آن را همچون هدفی اصلی و محوری دنبال می‌کنند. اما ایده زبان ایدئال در جریان دوم فلسفه تحلیلی، که آن نیز ملهم از آثار و ایده-های فرگه است و در مور و ویتگنشتاین متاخر بسط می‌یابد، رو به افول نهاد. در اینجا سعی خواهیم کرد اولا تاثیرپذیری فیلسوفان جریان نخست را در طرح و بسط ایده زبان ایدئال از فلاسفه جدید (دکارت، لایب‌نیتس و تجربه‌گرایان کلاسیک) نشان دهیم، و در ثانی توضیح دهیم که چگونه هر دو جریان مذکور –اولی در در حمایت و دومی در رد ایده زبان ایدئال- متاثر از جنبه‌ای از اندیشه فرگه در باب معنا و نسبت آن با مصداق بودند، و آخر این که نقش پررنگ نگاه ویتگنشتاین متاخر به مساله معنا و نیز مفهوم «شباهت خانوادگی» او را در افول آرمانی به نام زبان ایدئال وضوح بخشیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

the rise and fall of the idea of "Ideal Language" in two camps of analytic philosophy

نویسنده [English]

  • Hossein Shaqaqi

department of intercultural studies , Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

 The idea of ideal language is one of the most important and central issues in analytic philosophy. The major philosophers of the first stream of analytic philosophy, which began with Frege and developed in Russell and early Wittgenstein and logical positivists, not only welcome this idea, but also pursue its realization as a central goal. But the idea of the ideal language was declined by the second stream of analytic philosophy, which is also inspired by Frege's work and ideas and developed in Moore and later Wittgenstein. Here I will try, first, to show the influence of the classical modern philosophers (Descartes, Leibniz, and classical empiricists) on the philosophers of the first stream in development of the idea of the ideal language, and second, to explain how both streams -the first in supporting and the latter in rejecting the idea of the ideal language – were under the influence of aspects of Frege's thought about sense and its relation to reference, and finally to show the role of later Wittgenstein's view on the meaning and his concept of "family resemblance" in declining the idea of “ideal language”.                                                                                                                  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Ideal Language
  • Analytical Philosophy
  • use
  • Family resemblance
  • Frege
  • Wittgenstein
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